{
 "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "id": "boswellia-sacra",
 "type": "Botanical",
 "version": 4,
 "updated": "2026-10-01",
 "station": 1,
 "confidence": "A",
 "sources": [
  "GBIF-1",
  "GC-15",
  "GC-16",
  "WD-1"
 ],
 "notes": "A dry-season-deciduous tree of Yemen, Oman, the southern Arabian Peninsula, Somalia and the Horn of Africa (GC-15).",
 "latin_name": {
  "value": "Boswellia sacra Flück.",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GBIF-1",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/gbif/gbif-Boswellia_sacra.usage.json:23",
  "quote": "Boswellia sacra Flück.",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the GBIF record’s scientific name; the accepted name in the GBIF Backbone (usage 8330171); GC-15 and GC-16 write the author “Flueck.”"
 },
 "wikidata_qid": {
  "value": "Q133964",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "WD-1",
  "where": "reports/l2/ids/wikidata/Q133964.json:13",
  "quote": "{\"property\":\"P225\",\"label\":\"taxon name\",\"value\":\"Boswellia sacra\",\"rank\":\"normal\"}",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the item’s taxon name (P225) is “Boswellia sacra”, the record’s botanical name without its author"
 },
 "odeuropa_eokg_uri": {
  "value": null,
  "evidence": null,
  "source": null,
  "where": null,
  "confidence": null,
  "note": "no concept of the European Olfactory Knowledge Graph states owl:sameAs / skos:exactMatch / skos:closeMatch to Q133964 (the Odeuropa lookup, read 2026-09-30)"
 },
 "common_name": {
  "value": "frankincense tree (olibanum)",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GC-16",
  "where": "docs/sources/GC-16-miran-2022-boswellia-sacra.md:16",
  "quote": "Species of the genus, known as frankincense trees (olibanum), produce a resin gum traditionally harvested by making incisions on the trunks of the trees; as the resin is exposed, it darkens and hardens before being removed from the incision [9].",
  "confidence": "B",
  "note": "said of the genus"
 },
 "family": {
  "value": "Burseraceae",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GBIF-1",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/gbif/gbif-Boswellia_sacra.usage.json:9",
  "quote": "Burseraceae",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the GBIF record’s family; and GC-16: “a perennial plant belonging to the family Burseraceae”"
 },
 "part_used": {
  "value": "the oleo-gum resin that exudes from the wounded trunk and branches",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GC-15",
  "where": "docs/sources/GC-15-yamamoto-2020-boswellia-dhofar.md:16",
  "quote": "The major product of Boswellia species, a dried oleo-gum resin exuded from wounded stem surfaces, has been used as frankincense since ancient times3,4.",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "cultivars": {
  "value": null,
  "evidence": null,
  "source": null,
  "where": null,
  "confidence": null,
  "note": "no cultivar is named in a filed source"
 },
 "origins": [
  {
   "origin": "dhofar-om",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "GC-15",
   "where": "docs/sources/GC-15-yamamoto-2020-boswellia-dhofar.md:19",
   "quote": "In Dhofar Governorate, the main region of frankincense production in Oman, B. sacra trees are the most economically important plants, as the commercial and phytopharmaceutical source of frankincense production5.",
   "note": null,
   "confidence": "A"
  }
 ],
 "materials": [
  {
   "material": "frankincense-resin",
   "process": "tapping"
  }
 ],
 "media": [
  "spec-frankincense",
  "or-6-film"
 ],
 "links": {
  "essay": "/perfumery/materials.html#origin-frankincense",
  "card": "/perfumery/materials.html#naturals"
 },
 "copy": {
  "lede": "Boswellia sacra, of the family Burseraceae, is the frankincense tree of southern Arabia and the Horn of Africa. Its product is an oleo-gum resin that exudes where the bark is wounded.",
  "body": [
   "In Dhofar, the main region of frankincense production in Oman, the resin is gathered by tapping the trunks and branches."
  ]
 },
 "source_licence": {
  "derived_from": "sources[] (scripts/validate-entities.mjs recomputes this)",
  "classes": [
   "CC BY",
   "CC0"
  ],
  "commercial_use": "yes, with attribution",
  "single_source": null,
  "licence": null
 }
}