{
 "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "id": "santalum-album",
 "type": "Botanical",
 "version": 3,
 "updated": "2026-10-01",
 "station": 1,
 "confidence": "A",
 "sources": [
  "GBIF-1",
  "GC-7",
  "GC-8",
  "GC-9",
  "WD-1",
  "ODEUROPA-1"
 ],
 "notes": "A slow-growing hemiparasite (GC-7). GC-9 reports it on the IUCN Red List since 1998, “vulnerable” in 2019 (GC-9); the IUCN assessment itself is not filed.",
 "latin_name": {
  "value": "Santalum album L.",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GBIF-1",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/gbif/gbif-Santalum_album.usage.json:23",
  "quote": "Santalum album L.",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the GBIF record’s scientific name; the accepted name in the GBIF Backbone (usage 2889785)"
 },
 "wikidata_qid": {
  "value": "Q210858",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "WD-1",
  "where": "reports/l2/ids/wikidata/Q210858.json:13",
  "quote": "{\"property\":\"P225\",\"label\":\"taxon name\",\"value\":\"Santalum album\",\"rank\":\"normal\"}",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the item’s taxon name (P225) is “Santalum album”, the record’s botanical name without its author"
 },
 "odeuropa_eokg_uri": {
  "value": "http://data.odeuropa.eu/vocabulary/olfactory-objects/202",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "ODEUROPA-1",
  "where": "reports/l2/ids/odeuropa/botanicals-santalum-album.json:7",
  "quote": "{\"concept\":\"http://data.odeuropa.eu/vocabulary/olfactory-objects/202\",\"relation\":\"owl:sameAs\",\"via\":\"Q210858\",\"label\":\"Sandalwood\",\"scheme\":\"http://data.odeuropa.eu/vocabulary/olfactory-objects\"}",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the EOKG concept “Sandalwood” states owl:sameAs Q210858"
 },
 "common_name": {
  "value": "Indian sandalwood (also East Indian, or tropical, sandalwood)",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GC-7",
  "where": "docs/sources/GC-7-diaz-chavez-2013-sandalwood-oil.md:28",
  "quote": "Santalum album, also known as tropical or Indian sandalwood, is the most valuable of the commercially used species due to the high heartwood oil content (6–10% by dry weight) and desirable odor characteristics.",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "family": {
  "value": "Santalaceae",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GBIF-1",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/gbif/gbif-Santalum_album.usage.json:9",
  "quote": "Santalaceae",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the GBIF record’s family"
 },
 "part_used": {
  "value": "the heartwood, and the roots, of mature trees",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "GC-8",
  "where": "docs/sources/GC-8-fatima-2022-sandalwood-karnataka.md:13",
  "quote": "The economic value of sandalwood depends on the quantity of heartwood and its essential oil extracted from the heartwood as well roots of the mature trees of santalum spps. [2–5].",
  "confidence": "A",
  "sources": [
   "GC-7"
  ],
  "note": "GC-7: the oil is “Extracted from the mature heartwood” (GC-7)"
 },
 "cultivars": {
  "value": null,
  "evidence": null,
  "source": null,
  "where": null,
  "confidence": null,
  "note": "no cultivar is named in a filed source"
 },
 "origins": [
  {
   "origin": "mysore-in",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "GC-9",
   "where": "docs/sources/GC-9-kirdat-2022-sandalwood-spike.md:19",
   "quote": "At present, reasonably healthy populations of sandalwood are available in Marayoor Sandalwood Reserve (MSR), Chamundi Hills, and Bannerghatta in Karnataka state.",
   "note": "Karnataka: Chamundi Hills and Bannerghatta. That Chamundi Hills stands at Mysuru is general geography, not the source’s words; the page’s “Mysore sandalwood” is the trade’s name",
   "confidence": "B"
  }
 ],
 "materials": [
  {
   "material": "sandalwood-oil",
   "extraction": "steam-distillation"
  }
 ],
 "media": [
  "spec-sandalwood",
  "or-4-film"
 ],
 "links": {
  "essay": "/perfumery/materials.html#origin-sandalwood",
  "card": "/perfumery/materials.html#naturals"
 },
 "copy": {
  "lede": "Santalum album L., Indian sandalwood, is a slow-growing hemiparasitic tree of the family Santalaceae. Its oil comes from the heartwood and roots of mature trees.",
  "body": [
   "Natural populations have declined; a study of the sandalwood spike disease reports it on the IUCN Red List since 1998 and as vulnerable since 2019."
  ]
 },
 "source_licence": {
  "derived_from": "sources[] (scripts/validate-entities.mjs recomputes this)",
  "classes": [
   "CC BY",
   "CC0"
  ],
  "commercial_use": "yes, with attribution",
  "single_source": null,
  "licence": null
 }
}