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Station 2 of 13 · Material · the record

Bergamot essential oil (olio essenziale di bergamotto)

Bergamot essential oil is pressed cold from the peel of Citrus bergamia. The Reggio Calabria designation describes its odour as fresh and recalling the peel, and its colour as green to greenish yellow.

A review of the oil names limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate among its volatile constituents and bergapten, a psoralen, in the part that does not evaporate. No shares are given here: the review’s ranges come without a sample count or method.

Read the essay · The card · Next station: extraction · The molecule

In your room

A model you can turn here or place in your room with a phone. Nothing is fetched until you ask; nothing is stored or sent. Everything you can place in a room.

An engraved still of the model: a bergamot fruit with a leaf, drawn in hatched lines on parchment.

fragrance material

A bergamot (Citrus bergamia), with a leaf

A bergamot fruit and a leaf, the house’s own model: the peel’s oil-gland dimples, a winged leaf stalk. Modelled in-house (procedural, in Blender); its size is typical of the material, not a measurement; not a photograph or a scan.

To place it in your room, open this page on an iPhone or iPad (AR Quick Look) or an Android phone (Google Scene Viewer). The files below open in any 3D viewer.

A bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia), the citrus whose peel is cold-pressed for bergamot oil, lying on its side beside one of its leaves. The peel is drawn with the small pits of its oil glands - the oil the press releases lives in them - and the green-to-yellow colour of fruit picked in winter; the leaf has its midrib, its veins and the narrowly winged stalk citrus leaves have. Modelled and textured in-house, from the same forms as the bergamot on the Materials page’s specimen shelf.

In the room
7.5 cm tall, 14.9 cm across. Modelled, not measured: a typical size
Source
HombreOils, in-house: modelled, textured and baked in Blender from the forms of the specimen shelf on the Materials page
Licence
in-house
Model
8,652 triangles

The files GLB 413 KB · USDZ 730 KB

The record

Each field carries its evidence: open a chip for the source, the quoted words and the confidence. A field with nothing behind it says so and stays empty.

Name
bergamot essential oil (olio essenziale di bergamotto)
documented

La denominazione di origine protetta " Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria - olio essenziale" è riservata esclusivamente all'olio essenziale estratto con il metodo cold pressed dal frutto Citrus Bergamia Risso nelle varietà Femminello, Castagnaro e Fantastico, prodotti negli impianti iscritti nel corrispondente albo dei bergamotteti che sarà tenuto presso l'organismo di controllo.

PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian… · read 2026-09-30

confidence A

Kind
natural
perfumery convention

the trade’s shared vocabulary; no single source

a pressed oil of the fruit peel

confidence B

Botanical
Citrus bergamia Risso
documented

La denominazione di origine protetta " Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria - olio essenziale" è riservata esclusivamente all'olio essenziale estratto con il metodo cold pressed dal frutto Citrus Bergamia Risso nelle varietà Femminello, Castagnaro e Fantastico, prodotti negli impianti iscritti nel corrispondente albo dei bergamotteti che sarà tenuto presso l'organismo di controllo.

PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian… · read 2026-09-30

confidence A

Part
the peel of the fruit
documented

Bergamot fruit is mainly used for its essential oils (bergamot essential oil: BEO) that are obtained by rasping and cold pressing the fruit peel.

GC-3 · Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application · read 2026-09-30

confidence A

Extraction
cold expression
documented

L'estrazione dell'olio essenziale deve essere effettuata a freddo con macchine pelatrici utilizzando unicamente acqua in pressione e nebulizzata.

PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian… · read 2026-09-30

confidence A

Grade
not on record
not on record

no grade on record for the house; the PDO designation is on the origin record, and GC-3 names the furocoumarin-free oil as a safety practice (the claims register)

Descriptors
characteristic, pleasant, fresh, recalling the bergamot’s peel
documented

odore: caratteristico, gradevole, fresco, richiamante quello del pericarpo del Bergamotto;

PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian… · read 2026-09-30

the specification’s odour line, in English; colour “da verde a giallo verdastro”, green to greenish yellow (PDO-1)

confidence A

Regulation
documented

IFRA-087, IFRA-089, EU-2023-1545: each record above quotes its entry.

Price band
not on record
not on record

nothing on the site is for sale and raw-material prices are left out until the sourcing phase (the decisions log)

Wikidata
Q488431
documented

cold-pressed essential oil

WD-1 · Wikidata (Wikimedia Foundation) · read 2026-09-30

the Wikidata item’s English description; a label match: the item is “Bergamot essential oil”, described as “cold-pressed essential oil”; chosen from a name search (2026-09-30)

confidence B

Harvest and processing
  • picking of the fruit (harvest): by hand or by machine, without damaging the peel
    documented

    La raccolta dei frutti è manuale o meccanizzata su fratti che presentano una colorazione virante dal verde al giallo e deve comunque essere effettuata con modalità atte a non ledere l'integrità della buccia.

    PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian… · read 2026-09-30

    the PDO specification “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (Art. 4): a requirement of the designation

    confidence A

    ; when: when the fruit’s colour is turning from green to yellow
    documented

    La raccolta dei frutti è manuale o meccanizzata su fratti che presentano una colorazione virante dal verde al giallo e deve comunque essere effettuata con modalità atte a non ledere l'integrità della buccia.

    PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian… · read 2026-09-30

    the specification sets no months

    confidence A

    record
Constituents
  • Limonene · share not on record
    identity: documented

    They include monoterpene limonene (25–53%) and high quantities of oxygenated compounds, such as linalool (2–20%), linalyl acetate (15–40%), γ-terpinene, and β-pinene (Mondello et al., 1998).

    GC-3 · Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application · read 2026-09-30

    named by a review of the oil (a secondary witness; cited there to Mondello et al. 1998)

    confidence B

    share: not on record

    GC-3 (a review) gives a range for this constituent, cited to one study, with no sample count or method stated; under the site’s rule no share is shown

  • linalyl acetate · share not on record
    identity: documented

    They include monoterpene limonene (25–53%) and high quantities of oxygenated compounds, such as linalool (2–20%), linalyl acetate (15–40%), γ-terpinene, and β-pinene (Mondello et al., 1998).

    GC-3 · Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application · read 2026-09-30

    named by the same review sentence as limonene; the page’s “principal molecule” for bergamot

    confidence B

    share: not on record

    GC-3 (a review) gives a range for this constituent, cited to one study, with no sample count or method stated; under the site’s rule no share is shown

  • linalool · share not on record
    identity: documented

    They include monoterpene limonene (25–53%) and high quantities of oxygenated compounds, such as linalool (2–20%), linalyl acetate (15–40%), γ-terpinene, and β-pinene (Mondello et al., 1998).

    GC-3 · Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application · read 2026-09-30

    named by the same review sentence

    confidence B

    share: not on record

    GC-3 (a review) gives a range for this constituent, cited to one study, with no sample count or method stated; under the site’s rule no share is shown

  • Bergapten · share not on record
    identity: documented

    The non-volatile fraction (4–7% of total) contains pigments, waxes, coumarins, and psoralens (such as 5-methoxypsoralen, also known as bergapten or 5-MOP, contained in about 0.2%), as well as bergamottine [5-geranyloxypsoralen]) (Dugo et al., 2000).

    GC-3 · Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application · read 2026-09-30

    a psoralen of the oil’s non-volatile fraction (5-methoxypsoralen); cited there to Dugo et al. 2000

    confidence B

    share: not on record

    GC-3 gives “about 0.2%” in the oil, one figure with no sample count or method: not shown

In teaching accords
In history

Films and plates

  • SPEC-7 · bergamot: the /materials specimen still · still
  • OR-7 · bergamot: the origin film (the field to the bench) · queued: the master queue lists OR-7 as queued (the render queue’s list, read 2026-09-30); no path until it is rendered and published
    a render-time texture (Leafy Grass; a render input only): "Leafy Grass", Charlotte Baglioni (Poly Haven), CC0 1.0; a render-time texture (Bark Brown 02; a render input only): "Bark Brown 02", Rob Tuytel (Poly Haven), CC0 1.0

Claims register

Every sentence and number the site states about this record, with its status after the 2026-09-27 review.

  • softened · Raw bergamot contains bergapten, a furanocoumarin that can make skin sensitive to sunlight , which is why perfumery generally uses bergapten-free (FCF) grades. (was: Raw bergamot contains bergapten, a furanocoumarin that causes photosensitivity , modern perfumery uses bergapten-free (FCF) versions.)
    documented · the claims register

    GC-3 · Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application · read 2026-09-30

    GC-3 documents bergapten in the oil (GC-3), its phototoxic effects (GC-3) and that it “should be removed … thus resulting a furocoumarin-free BEO” (GC-3): the first half is supported; “perfumery generally uses” is a statement about practice that the review makes only as a recommendation

    where the site says it: /materials, “Calabrian Bergamot”

    confidence B

Sources

  1. PDO-1 · Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian PDO production specification, six articles and Annex A). Ministero dell’agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF), Disciplinari DOP e IGP prodotti agricoli, 2.10 Olii Essenziali; PDF, undated. www.masaf.gov.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeAttachment.p… · read 2026-09-30 · public domain in Italy: an official act of the State (Legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633, art. 5); reuse with attribution
  2. GC-3 · Navarra M, Mannucci C, Delbò M, Calapai G. Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2015;6:36. DOI 10.3389/fphar.2015.00036. PMID 25784877. PMCID PMC4345801. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00036 · read 2026-09-30 · CC BY (version not recorded)
  3. WD-1 · Wikidata (Wikimedia Foundation): the items named on each record (each statement read with its references), read 2026-09-30. www.wikidata.org · read 2026-09-30 · CC0 1.0

Our text and structure are CC BY 4.0; quoted source text stays under its owners’ terms.

this record as data: /data/material/bergamot-essential-oil.json · version 6 · updated 2026-10-01 · confidence A